ER: Regulating Hormone and Immune Systems (P5814)

Target Name: Estrogen receptor

NCBI ID: P5814

Estrogen receptor

Other Name(s): Estrogen receptor | ER

ER: Regulating Hormone and Immune Systems

Estrogen receptor (ER), also known as estrogen receptor alpha (ER伪) or estrogen receptor beta (ER尾), is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes in the body. It is a transmembrane receptor that is expressed in various tissues throughout the body, including the breast, uterus, and fat cells. Its primary function is to regulate the activity of estrogens, which are naturally occurring hormones that play a vital role in the development and maintenance of female reproductive and sexual function.

The ER is a member of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs), which includes proteins that regulate various physiological processes, including growth, development, and reproduction. The NHRs are a family of transmembrane proteins that consists of four subfamilies, including estrogen receptors , progesterone receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors.

The ER is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes that are critical for normal female reproductive function, including the development and maintenance of the uterine lining, bone density, and muscle mass. It also plays a key role in the regulation of sexual function, including the onset of sexual desire and the maintenance of sexual satisfaction.

The ER is a key target for various drugs that are used for the treatment of various diseases, including hormone-related breast cancer, uterine cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which is used to treat menopause and osteoporosis, is one of the most common treatments that target the ER. The use of HRT has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer, and therefore, researchers are actively searching for new and safer alternatives to this treatment.

Research has also shown that the ER is involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways that are critical for the development and maintenance of cancer. For example, studies have shown that the ER is involved in the regulation of the androgen signaling pathway, which is responsible for the development and maintenance of prostate cancer. Additionally, the ER is also involved in the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway, which is critical for the development and maintenance of various types of cancer.

The ER is also a potential biomarker for several diseases, including breast and uterine cancer. For example, research has shown that the expression of the ER is often decreased in the breast tissue of postmenopausal women, and this decrease is associated with an increased risk of the development of breast cancer. Similarly, the ER is often decreased in the uterine tissue of postmenopausal women, and this decrease is also associated with an increased risk of the development of uterine cancer. Therefore, the ER is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases.

In addition to its role in the regulation of cellular processes, the ER is also involved in the regulation of the immune system. For example, studies have shown that the ER is involved in the regulation of the T-cell receptor, which is responsible for the development and regulation of the immune system. Additionally, the ER is also involved in the regulation of the production of sex hormones, including estradiol and androstenedione, which are critical for the development and maintenance of the reproductive system.

In conclusion, the ER is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes in the body. Its primary function is to regulate the activity of estrogens, which are naturally occurring hormones that play a vital role in the development and maintenance of female reproductive and sexual function. The ER is a key target for various drugs that are used for the treatment of various diseases, including hormone-related breast cancer, uterine cancer, and cardiovascular disease. It is also a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of the ER in the regulation of various physiological processes in the body and to develop new and

Protein Name: Estrogen Receptor (nonspecified Subtype)

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•   general information;
•   protein structure and compound binding;
•   protein biological mechanisms;
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•   the target screening and validation;
•   expression level;
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